DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
BUREAU OF EDUCATION 


BULLETIN, 1918, No. 7 


THE BUREAU OF 
EXTENSION OF THE UNIVERSITY 
OF NORTH CAROLINA 


BY 


LOUIS ROUND WILSON 
AND 
LESTER ALONZO WILLIAMS 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING ‘OFFICE 
1918 


LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 


DrEpaRTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 
Bureau or Epucation, 
Washington, April 22, 1918. 


Sir: For five years this office has watched with increasing interest 
the development of the extension work of the University of North 
Carolina, some of which, though as yet peculiar to this State, is, with 
necessary adaptations to the varying: conditions in other States, 
capable of general adoption. Because of the importance of some of 
the phases of this work I have induced the president of the Univer- 
sity to have prepared the account which is herewith transmitted for 
publication as a bulletin of the Bureau of Education. 

Respectfully submitted. 

PrP. CoAxTON, 
Commissioner. 
The Srcrerary OF THE INTERIOR. 
4 


THE BUREAU OF EXTENSION OF THE UNIVERSITY 
OF NORTH CAROLINA, 


INTRODUCTION. 


The work of the Bureau of Extension of the University of North 
Carolina is presented here as typical of what can be done in making 
widely serviceable the resources of an institution of higher learning. 

The University of North Carolina, chartered in 1789, is one of the 
oldest of the State universities. Its genesis and development have 
been along the lines characteristic of the private, endowed institu- 
tions of the East, rather than those of the Western State universities. 
It is separate from the State’s college of agriculture, and so its ex- 
tension activities are not associated with the many and important 
activities of the department of agriculture. It has a student body 
of 1,000 during the regular session, and an additional 1,000 students 
in a summer term. Its regular faculty numbers 75 and has always 
been notable for its scholarship and its research interests. The 
faculty has maintained for many years three journals of a scholarly 
nature, and has been steadily active in the representative national 
societies. 

These points are significant in giving orientaticn to its recently 
developed extension work. It is important to note that this develop- 
ment is not a record of attaching a new department of extension to de- 
partments of teaching and research, for the sake of superficial interest 
or “ protective popularity ”; but it represents the normal outgrowth 
of a concept of the university as an organism, and of the extension 
organization as merely the channel through which the inner. life of 
the institution is given a chance to express itself fully in its environ- 
ment. It rests on the assumption that the inner life must be sound 
and true to type to have anything of value to express in extension; 
and on the further assumption that, in so functioning fully and 
truly, it not only does not injure the inner life, but strengthens and 
purifies it. 

On this belief as a basis, the extension work began as an organized 
department in 1912, with no special appropriation, and with no 
expenditures except for printing. The organization consisted of a 
committee from the faculty, under a chairman, the university libra- 
rian, Dr. L. R. Wilson, who has ever since been its directing head. 

5 


8 : BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


I, GENERAL INFORMATION. 


The first division of the bureau to be formed. was that of general 
information—a division whose specific duties were (1) to empha- 
size the fact that all the various State departments and all State- 
supported institutions and agencies were possessed of information 
which, if secured and utilized, would be of value to the citizenship 
of the State; (2) to show that these departments, institutions, and 
agencies would gladly furnish the information they possessed; (3) 
to indicate which of these or other agencies outside the State could 
best furnish information of a certain kind; and especially (4) to 
bring the public, in its search for information on a wide variety of 
subjects, into direct connection with the members of the faculty and 
the 80,000-volume library of the university. 

In prosecuting this work the university library was made the 
headquarters for this division, and the librarian, as director of the 
bureau, was put in charge. All inquiries which did not properly fall 
under the head of the other eight divisions have been handled by this 
one, which has acted as a telephone “ central” in bringing questioner 
and source of information together. Questions which could be 
answered by individual members of the faculty have been handed 
by the director to those best qualified to answer them; or, if the in- 
formation desired could be supplied by the library, answers have been 
sent in letter or other special form; or, books, pamphlets, and 
package libraries in which the information is contained have been 
sent direct by parcels post or express, the borrower paying the trans- 
portation charges each way. 

Information supplied in this way has ranged from the loaning 
of a book on the subject of commission form of city government to 
a member of a board of aldermen to the sending of one of the mem- 
bers of the faculty to the Appalachian Training School at Boone for 
a three days’ stay to sketch a suitable, attractive plan for the future 
development of the campus of that institution. For the convenience 
of school debating societies and women’s clubs, special package debate 
and study libraries have been assembled, and are always at the 
command of borrowers. Single books or pamphlets are sent when 
larger collections are not available. 

In conjunction with the division of public discussion and debate, 
through which a large number of bulletins and pamphlets have been 
loaned and distributed for the special annual high-school debate, 
1,700 letters were written during the academic year 1915-16, convey- 
ing information sought, and a total of 1,485 pieces of material were 
supplied from the package library collection. 

Inasmuch as only 40 towns of the State have public libraries, and 
the State library commission service is limited to general traveling 


SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEYS. 9 


libraries, debate libraries, and special collections on agriculture, this 
service has been clearly recognized as greatly needed and has been 
most heartily welcomed by the State. 


Il. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEYS: COUNTRY-LIFE 
; STUDIES. 


Country-life studies of North Carolina were begun in September, 
1914, under E. C. Branson, head of the department of rural eco- 
nomics and sociology. The work in the main is concentrated upon 
an investigation and interpretation of economic and social problems 
in the State at large and in detail by counties. 


PHASES OF THE WORK, 


The phases of it are: (1) Formal class courses in agricultural eco- 
nomics and in rural social problems, each three hours a_ week 
throughout the year; (2) a credit course consisting of research 
studies and field work; (3) unofficial studies by the State and county 

clubs; (4) addresses afield, averaging 40 a year; (5) the university 
News Letter, which goes to 10,000 readers weekly the year round, 
along with bulletins and brief circulars on economic and social sub- 
jects of State-wide interest; and (6) annual country-life conferences 
during the university summer school session. - 

The formal class courses are important because they introduce 
students to a rapidly increasing literature in a new field of college 
work, and because they enable students to set local, State, and county 
details cver against a large background for sane, safe interpretation. 
But the formal class work is in no wise distinctive or especially 
noteworthy beyond the fact that it is intensely focused upon home- 
State and home-county conditions and problems. Consideration, 
therefore, is given here in brief detail of other phases of the work 
which aim at reaching the people beyond the campus walls with care- 
fully digested information about North Carolina, and stirring them 
to constructive activity in vital matters of commonwealth concern. 


1. CAROLINA. STUDIES. 


- During the last three years 227 subjects of State-wide importance 
have been thrashed out in the department headquarters, which are 
a clearing house of economic and social data about North Carolina. 
In these studies the State has been compared with the other States of 
the Union and ranked accordingly. Each county has been compared 
with all the rest and ranked accordingly; and the restilts subjected 
to a search for causes, consequences, and remedies. 

A few of the subjects treated in this way may be mentioned to 
illustrate the character and range of these studies: Church-member- 
45342°—18 2 


12 BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


The club yearbook.—The club studies completed during 1916-17 
will be published in the fall of 1917 as the second club yearbook. 
The first, published in 1916, was devoted to North Carolina: Re- 
sources, advantages, and opportunities. The contents of the first 
were as follows: . 


1. Our mineral resources.—J. H. Allred, Surry County. 

2. Our timber resources: Forest and wood lot.—J. H. Lassister, Northampton 
County. . 

3. Our water powers: Available and developed.—D. B. Eagle, Iredell County. 
. Our industrial development in 1910.—H. M. Smith, Henderson County. 

. Our industries in 1914.—H. C. Branson, university faculty. 

. Our soils and seasons.—M. H. Ranlodph, Mecklenburg County. 

. Diversity of farm products in North Cavolina.—R. E. Price, Rutherford 
County. 

8. Food and feed crops in 1915: Our six-year gains.—H. C. Branson, univer- 
sity faculty. 

9. The crop-producing power of Carolina farms.—J. B. Huff, Madison County. 

10. The crop-producing power of Carolina farmers.—F. H. Deaton, Iredell 
County. 

11. Per-acre and per-worker crop production.—H. C. Branson, university 
faculty. ; 

12. Live-stock farming in Carolina. 

18. Cooperative enterprise in North Carolina. 
County. 

14. Economic freedom in North Carolina.——M. B. Fowler, Orange County. 

15. Our twenty-two million wilderness acres.—Lawton Blanton, Cleveland 
County. . 

16. Elbow room for home seekers.—-G. H. Cooper, Rowan County. 

17. Room for new farm families in Carolina.—H. C. Branson, university fac- 
ulty. 

18. Taxation and home ownership.—A. O. Joines, Alleghany County. 

19. Our need for greater wealth.—R. E. Price, Rutherford County. 

20. A State publicity bureau.—R. H. Price, Rutherford County. 

21. The fair: A means of stimulation and publicity—M. H. Randolph, Meck- 
lenburg County. 

22. Our Carolina highlanders: Geographic conditions and influences.—D. N. 
Edwards, Wilkes County. Economic status: Agriculture, industries, and educa- 
tion.—C. C. Miller, Watauga County. Social status, classes and conditions.— 
J. B. Huff, Madison County. 


for) eS 


a 


D. N. Mdwards, Wilkes County. 
L. P. Gwaltney, Alexander 


38. THE COUNTY CLUBS AND CLUB BULLETINS. 


Affihated with the North Carolina Club, directly or indirectly, 
are the various county clubs of students. The county clubs or cer- 
tain members of them, are studying the economic and social problems 
of their home counties. So far 66 county surveys have been pre- 
pared for publication in the home papers. 

The citizens of Sampson County have published the Sampson 
County studies in pamphlet form for textbook use by students in 
the high schools, by the teachers in the county institutes, and for 
thoughtful reading by the farmers, ministers, bankers, and other 


SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEYS. 13 


business people in general. The 15 chapters comprising the booklet 
“Sampson County: Economic and Social” follow the usual outline 
of county studies as follows: (1) The historical background; (2) 
Timber resources; (8) Mineral resources; (4) Water-power re- 
sources; (5) Industries and opportunities; (6) Facts about the 
folks; (7) Facts about wealth and taxation; (8) Facts about the 
schools; (9) Facts about farm conditions; (10) Facts about farm 
practices; (11) Facts about food and feed production; (12) The 
local market problem; (18) Where the county leads; (14) Where the 
county lags; and (15) The way out. 

Similar bulletins for Mecklenburg, Durham, and Rutherford 
Counties have been prepared by university students and their pub- 
lication provided for by university alumni, and material for similar 
studies concerning more than half the counties of the State has been 
collected and is available for editing and publication. 


4, FIELD WORK. 


Local market problems.—Bankers and merchants in the commer- 
cial clubs of the State have been interested-in 43 intensive studies of 
local market problems made by university students during the last 
three years. These studies have covered (1) the local demand for 
food and feed stuffs, the local production and the shortage—total 
and in detail; (2) the bills for imported food supplies, and their 
significance and (3) the remedies. The professor of rural economics 
and sociology has delivered addresses on the local market problem 
in Elizabeth City, Wilmington, Raleigh, Winston-Salem, and Char- 
lotte, three of which have been published in booklet form by local 
banks and business groups. 

. Field surveys —‘ Orange County: Economic and Social,” will be 
published at the earliest possible date. This bulletin will give the 
results of six field investigations actively involving the Carolina Club 
members, the Chapel Hill Community Club, the county school board, 
and the State and Federal authorities—some 400 people, all told. 
These surveys concerned: (1) Country schools, (2) churches and 
. Sunday schools, (3) public health and sanitation, (4) farm homes, 
(5) farm practices, and (6) soils and soil resources. The special 
field study of negro churches and Sunday schools in Orange County, 
made by Rev. Walter Patten, will be published by the country life 
committee of the Northern Presbyterian Home Mission Board. 

“Forsyth County: Economic and Social” is a bulletin based on 
the work of six Forsyth students at the university and three mem- 
bers of the university faculty. It will be published by a group of 
business people in Winston-Salem as soon as it can be finally edited. 


16 BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


almost. one-thirdswere girls.. Of*these, two from Mount Olive won 
the distinction of datesdind the negative in the final debate and 
lost the decision by the narrow margin of three to two. 

Tn addition to the annual contests, interest in discussion is main- - 
tained throughout the whole school year by means of fortnightly 
debates, for which material is supphed in the university News Let- 
ter, the special discussion and debate bulletins issued by the Bureau — 
of Extension, and from the hbrary of the university, local public - 
libraries, or from the North Carolina library commission. Every 
section of the State, and every type of high school, feels-the stimula- 
tion of the union; and in these days of national crisis, when the 
thought of the Nation is focused on the question of ships, navies, and » 
railroads, the youth of North Carolina is laymg the firm foundation 
of intelligent citizenship. 

Tn all the work of this division the bureau has had the support of 
the Dialectic and Philanthropic Literary Societies of the university, 
whose record for debating dates back to 1795. The influence of the 
alumni and of the student body has been felt in every community, 
and in many communities the alumni and present members of the 
student body have made all the plans for the conduct of the local 
debates. The bureau has been entirely reheved of entertaining the 
boys who have won the privilege of entering the finals at the uni- 
versity, as this has been done by the university students in residence, 
leaving only the girls, their chaperons, and the principals of the high 
schools, te be entertained by the members of the faculty. 

The activities of this division have been carried on by the assistant 
director of the bureau. Expressed in tabular form, they exhibit 


the following scope: 
En 1915-16, In 1916-17. 


Letters written in conducting the debate_____ 5, 000 6, 000 
Bulletins on query furnished debaters______ 2, 9438 3, 000 
Other documents and material on query fur- 

Hished depaters. 2s aes ee ee ee eran 6, OST 4, 000 
Number of schools participating_____________ 325 332 
Number of counties represented_____________ 94 94 
Number of debaters participating ___________ 1, 300 1, 328 
Total North Carolina audience reached______ 100, 000 125, 000 


IV. CORRESPONDENCE STUDY COURSES. 


As a means of placing the teaching force of the university at the 
disposal of the people in the State, correspondence study courses are 
offered. About one-half of these courses carry credit toward the un- 
dergraduate degree; the other courses carry no credit. Practically 
every department is represented by these courses, with the exception 
of science. All the work in the conduct of the courses is done by 
the regular faculty members without extra pay. 


CORRESPONDENCE STUDY COURSES. 17 


The courses are arranged on the basis of 30 lessons, each of which 
is equivalent to one week’s work in the regular session at the uni- 
versity. Credit is allowed on the basis of one, two, or three units, de- 
pending upon whether the course in regular session comes one, two, 
or three times per week through the year. A unit means a year-hour, 
not a semester-hour. | } 

After registration the first two of these lessons are sent to the 
student who is expected to do the work of the first lesson and send 
in a report within one week. While this report is being examined by 
the instructor and returned within the week, the student is expected 
to prepare the work of the second lesson and report. As these cor- 
rected reports are sent back to the students, a new assignment is also 
sent, thus keeping the student supphed with a new lesson each week 
and helping to keep the interest alive. 

-The majority of these courses are taken by teachers, although a 
fair proportion of the students represent. other professions and occu- 
pations. Prevailing conditions in North Carolina determine what 
the student body in correspondence work shall be. There are no 
large industrial centers in which sufficiently large groups of engi- 
neers, mechanics, salesmen, clerks, ete., can be organized to warrant 
the expense of supplying an instructor to the group. It is not de- 
sirable or feasible to carry on work in such with individuals by corre- 
spondence alone. Little or no opportunity has been offered so far by 
which this work can be carried on through the summer months, be- 
cause so many of the instructors are away on vacation. This has 
proven a handicap, and steps are being taken to overcome it. 

The work is made self-supporting by fees for the courses. The 
fee for credit courses is $5; for noncredit courses, $8. An additional 
registration fee of $2 is also charged the first time a student regis- 
ters for any course. This registration is permanent so long as the 
student continues to take the work. Fees are not remitted once the 
work is begun. No credit courses of junior or senior grade are given 
as yet, and courses for not over one-fourth the credits required for 
the A. B. degree can be taken by correspondence study. Sixty year- 
hours, or 120 semester-hours, is the minimum for graduation. Hence, 
15 year-hours or 30 semester-hours may be taken toward a degree 
through correspondence study. 

The officer in charge of this work is a professor in the university, 
who serves without extra pay. <A paid secretary attends to all the 
clerical work and handles the routine matters. At present this secre- 
tary does not have to devote full time to this work, but has other 
clerical and stenographic duties. 

The number of students enrolled is not large, but every year sees 
a substantial increase in the enrollment. Several students who began 


18 BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


in the correspondence study division have later come to the university 
and attended the regular session. A few students in the regular 
session who have been obliged to discontinue regular work in resi- 
dence have completed it by correspondence study. Through summer 
school work, correspondence. study, and attendance at the regular 
session, a few students have been able to obtain a degree who other- 
wise could not have taken the necessary time from their livelihood 
to give full residence during the four years. 


CLUB STUDY COURSES. 


During the past year a plan has been devised by which the corre- 
spondence study division cooperates with the North Carolina Feder- 
ation of Women’s Clubs to aid the members of literary departments 
in planning the year’s programs. . | 

The president of the federation, together with a professor from the 
department of history and the secretary of the correspondence study 
division, chose Latin America as the general topic of study for the 
year and worked out in detail topics and programs for the year’s 
study and club discussion. 

This program was printed in attractive booklet form under: the 
university’s direction and is supplied with a syllabus on Latin Amer- 
ica and a textbook for each member, together with a map of the 
country for club use, to the literary clubs for a $1 fee from each 
member of those clubs which register. The university undertakes to 
aid further by furnishing reference books from the college library to 
individual members in Fite preparation of club papers or club: dis- 
cussions. 


V. LECTURES. 


For many years the university has, upon invitation, sent members 
of its faculty to communities of the State to deliver special lectures 
and educational addresses. In 1913-14 it extended this work through 
the Bureau of Extension by organizing a lecture division, through 
which it might aid schools, Young Men’s Christian Associations, 
women’s clubs, and other organizations in obtaining speakers to dis- 
cuss with them the problems incident to their daily activities and to 
interest them in the welfare of the State and in the cultivation of the 
finer things of the spirit. 

During the four years members of the faculty have offered an- 
nually a ental of from 100 to 152 subjects suitable for various organ- 
izations. A bulletin has been published annually indicating the 
character of the lectures, a number of which are illustrated with 
stereopticon slides. 

No fee has been given the instructor delivering the lecture, and 
no charge has been made for the service except that in every instance 


MUNICIPAL REFERENCE. 19 


the traveling expenses of the lecturer have been met by the organ- 
ization securing him. Under no circumstances is the organization 
permitted to charge admission to the lecture. 

In this work, which has met such a generous response that 175 
engagements are filled annually in sixty-odd of the 100 counties and an 
equal number of invitations has had to be declined, the alumni of the 
university have played an important part. Frequently, in coopera- 
tion with a local organization, they provide for a series of three, 
four? five, or six lectures, look after all the details, meet the expenses 
incurred, and thereby extend in a most acceptable way the service 
of the university. 


Vi. MUNICIPAL REFERENCE. 


Gratification of a very high sort is felt by the Bureau of Extension 
that the general assembly, at its 1915 meeting, provided for the estab- 
lishment of a Legislative Reference Bureau for the State and appro- 
priated $5,000 annually for its maintenance. The bureau had felt 
that North Carolina greatly needed the service of such a reference 
bureau, and, in so far as it could, had placed since its organization 
comparative legislative material in the hands of legislators seeking 
information concerning proposed laws. 

While this bureau has been established at the State capital at 
Raleigh, no provision has been made for a similar bureau for munici- 
palities. Consequently, the division of legislative reference, under 
the direction of Profs. C. L. Raper and J. G. de R. Hamilton, has 
been continued as the division of municipal reference. During recent 
sessions of the general assembly information has been supplied mu- 
nicipalities concerning charters, franchises, taxation, etc., and ma- 
terial from the university library has been loaned. Recently the 
standard municipal journals of the United States and a number of 
books on charters, franchises, city planning, commission form of gov- 
ernment, playgrounds, municipal ownership of public utilities, etc., 
have been added to the municipal reference library, and special in- 
vestigations concerning city school systems, chambers of commerce, 
_ markets, etc., have been carried out by various departments of the 
university. There is a distinct field of service here, and while the 
organization for supplying it has not been adequately developed, it 
is the purpose of this division to develop it as rapidly as possible. 


VII. EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE. 


) The extension work of the school of education has been of the 
_ most varied sort, and has constantly increased, both in volume and 
in definiteness of service. The following are some of the ways in 
which the school has been active in solving the many problems of 
North Carolina’s educational development: 


oo BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


sity of having men fitted by training and experience to administer 
these funds, to plan road systems, and secure the very best possible 
locations, construction, and maintenance of roads. 

Realizing this opportunity for State service, the university, co- 
operating with the North Carolina Geological and Economic Sur- 
vey, began in March, 1914, the first of a series of road institutes. In 
the third of the series, held in February, 1916, the State highway 
commission, established by the legislature of 1915, cooperated with . 
the survey and extended the scope and general aiferanees of the 
institute. 

It has not been the purpose of those conducting the institute to 
train thoroughly in one week’s time experienced and efficient road 
engineers; but it has been their purpose to give information and in- 
struction which would be of benefit to road engineers and would in- 
crease the knowledge and efficiency of road superintendents, foremen, 
supervisors, etc. To road commissioners the institute has endeavored 
to give an opportunity for familarizing themselves with the charac- 
ter of road problems and has demonstrated the importance of plac- 
ing skilled engineers in charge of the road work in their townships 
and counties. 

The institute is held annually during February, and lasts for six 
days. <A carefully prepared program is provided in which represen- 
tatives of the university, the geological survey, the State highway 
commission, and road experts from the Federal and other State Gov- 
ernments participate. In 1917 these lecturers and instructors num- 
bered 84. In connection with the lectures and discussions, practical 
demonstrations are given daily in road construction, road machinery, 
etc., on the streets.of the town and the roads of the county. 

At the first institute 24 counties were represented, with 54 men’ 
attending; at the second, held in February, 1915, 29 counties were 
represented, with 80 men at ending; at the third, held in February, 
1916, 127 men were present, representing 48 counties. Of the 1916 
attendance, 20 were road engineers, 19 road superintendents, 31 road 
commissioners and county commissioners, 12 road supervisor's, 4 
patrolmen, 20 machinery and materials men and contractors; the 
remainder were men who were interested in road work, including 20 
students of the university. In 1917 the total number present was 180. 


IX. POSTGRADUATE INSTRUCTION IN MEDICINE. 


Conservation of public health has received steadily increasing 
consideration throughout North Carolina from many individuals, 
organizations, and public institutions during the past decade. Among 
these has been the university, whose participation in the campaign 
for increased physical welfare has been expressed through the mem- 
bers of its medical faculty. In order to further emphasize the im- 


POSTGRADUATE INSTRUCTION IN MEDICINE. oS 


portance of this matter and to render a more extensive service than 
was practical through the first two-year medical courses given by its 
medical department and through the occasional addresses delivered 
_ by members of the medical faculty, the university, at the sugges- 

tion of Secretary W. S. Rankin, of the State board of health, in the 
summer of 1916 instituted postgraduate courses in medicine for the 
benefit of practicing physicians. This work, which proved very suc- 
cessful, was carried on jointly by the university and the State board 
of health. 

Two courses, both in pediatrics, were conducted, one being for 
physicians in eastern Carolina, the other in western Carolina. One 
was for 16 weeks, the other for 12 weeks. They consisted of lectures 
and clinics under the direction of Dr. Lewis Webb Hill, of Harvard 
University, and Dr. Jesse R. Gertsley, of Northwestern University, 
both acknowledged experts in their field. 

Under this plan the teacher went to the doctors practicing at home, 
_ instead of a few of the best of them going north to him for several 
weeks of clinical work. Six towns in eastern North Carolina reason- 
ably close together, with satisfactory train schedules, were selected, 
and a class of physicians (varying in number ‘from 8 to 20) was 


_ formed in each town from the town and its surrounding country. 


The first lecture was given to the class in town A on Monday morn- 
ing for one hour, and a two-hour clinic held that afternoon. On 
Tuesday the lecturer went to town B for the first lecture there; on 
Wednesday to town GC} and so on through the six towns on the six 
days of the week, going back to town A on the following Monday 
for the second lecture; and so on for the second lecture and clinic at 
B, C, etc., and so on through the length of the course. In this way 
the lectures in town A were all delivered on Monday, those in town 
B on. Tuesday, etc., and similarly for the western division. 

One hundred and eighty-five physicians took the courses, or above 
90 in each division. The expenses of the course were paid by the 
physicians, the tuition charges being about $30 for each student. A 
small laboratory in the local hospital was maintained in connection 


with each clinic. 


A questionnaire was sent to all of the physicians who took the 
course, and they were asked a number of questions in regard to its 
success. Fully 75 per cent agreed that it was very successful and 
helpful.- About the same per cent said that if another course in a 
different subject should be offered they would take it. The greatest 
difficulty encountered was im getting clinical material, and having 
the members of the class meet the responsibility of furnishing the 
material. It is believed that this difficulty can be obviated by more 
eare at the beginning of the course. 


269 BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


ate work, approximately 7 in 10 come for personal improvement or to 
get sufficient credit for certificate renewals. 

A demonstration school is run in connection with the summer 
school, which is a component.part of the local school system. 

During the session also various conferences are held dealing with 
problems of the country school, country church, country health, ete. 
For these conferences prominent speakers are secured, while the 
summer-school faculty aids in the round-table discussions,..personal 
conferences, and the like. 

The teachers’ bureau conducted in connection with the summer 
school has been of very great service both to teachers and to superin- 
tendents and committeemen. This department has become a sort of 
clearing house through which the needs of both factors in the 
teacher-hiring problem are efficiently served. No charge is made 
for this service, though it takes the full time of one clerk to make the 
department as efficient as it is. 

Fees, board, and rent for the six weeks amount to approximately 
$35 per teacher-student and $40 per student not a teacher. To meet 
the inevitable deficiency the university puts into the summer school 
a sum equal to $4 per student, or thereabouts. This extremely low 
cost per student makes summer-school advantages possible for many 
teachers who can ill afford long trips and expensive living at places 
outside the State. 

The university summer school is serving a very real need of the 
State and is giving that service at much less than cost. Increasing 
demands upon it make it increasingly difficult to keep the cost low 
enough and at the same time to keep the efficiency high enough to 
meet the needs. | 


RALLY DAY. 


In order that the students at the university may get very concrete 
ideas about cooperative effort and concerted action in matters of 
public welfare, one day every fall is set apart as Rally Day. This 
is an occasion when the farmers and others dwelling in the country- 
side surrounding the university meet on the campus in a social way 
to mingle with one another and to come into touch with affairs larger 
than those of their everyday life. 

Opportunity is offered for agricultural, canning, nd school ex- 
hibits, for which prizes are awarded. The Sunday schools conducted 
by the students of the Young Men’s Christian Association come in 
a body and contest in chorus singing for a prize. Free moving- 
pictures and stereopticon lectures go on during the entire day. A 
picnic dinner is served on the grounds to which the people and the 
university contribute. In the afternoon athletic contests and a base- 
ball game provide outdoor amusement and the development of that 


POSTGRADUATE INSTRUCTION IN MEDICINE. oF 


| spirit of good sportsmanship so necessary to community effort. No 


charge is made for anything, and no fees are requested or expected. 
This day has come to be an accepted gala occasion by the people 


round about and has-served as an inspiration to other communities 
' all over the State for similar occasions. That the day is appreciated 


is manifest in the informal, unhampered, untrameled good cheer 


and orderly -conduct of the crowds that come year after year to 


enjoy themselves. “ 
STATE CONFERENCES. 


From its inception the bureau has sought to be of assistance to 


| all State organizations which have indicated a desire for its aid. In 


this way it has cooperated in holding special meetings at the uni- 


_ versity for the Federated Women’s Clubs, the Farmers’ Union, the 


Press Association, the High-School Teachers, the Country Life 
Workers, and other organizations of a similar nature. In every 
instance it has provided special lecturers at the university’s expense, 
has arranged helpful exhibits, and has placed every available re- 
source of the university at the disposal of the visiting organization. 
At the meeting of the State Press Association in 1916, for example, 
through the direct assistance of the department of journalism, it 
secured Ex-President W. H. Taft; Dean Walter Williams, of the 
school of journalism of the university of Missouri; Dean Talcott Wil- 
liams, of the Pulitzer school of journalism of Columbia University ; 
and Don Seitz, of the New York World, to discuss various phases of 
newspaper work; installed a linotype machine, and issued a daily 


paper on the campus for the benefit of the visitors. 


COMMUNITY SERVICE WORK, 


through proclamation on the part of the governor, a week, or a part 
of a week, to the study in every community of the State of vital com- 


munity problems. This it did during December, 3-5, 1914, the idea 


having originated with the president of the university. In carrying 
out the observance of the “ Week,” the central committee appointed 
by the governor, drew upon the bureau for the editor of the hand- - 
book, which was used as a basis of the specific studies engaged in, 
and made extensive use of material from the files of the university 
library and of the department of rural economics and sociology. The 
Handbook, issued in a 40,000 edition, contained studies on roads, 
schools, public health, cooperative enterprises, etc., and was studied in 
detail by members of the communities and made the basis of the dis- 
cussions engaged in throughout the State. The special meetings 


were given wide publicity by the State press, and there was scarcely a 


} 
| 
Tt was North Carolina’s distinction to be the first State to devote, 


30 BUREAU OF EXTENSION. 


8. CORRESPONDENCE CouRSsES (with college credit) and READING CouRSES (with- 
out credit) on the subject matter of these extension center courses, 
using the same syllabus and other material, but in more popular form, 
A text book (326 pages), “American Ideals” (Houghton Mifflin & 
Co.), prepared by two of the professors, is a source book of selections 
showing through state papers, speeches, etc., the development of Ameri- 
can thought, political ideals, ete. 

4, Sincere LEcTuRES on a wide: variety of subjects related to the war will be 
furnished to communities as a part of any other lecture plan they may 
have for special occasions. <A list of lecture subjects and lecturers 
furnished on application. 

5. READERS’ SERVICE.—This service undertakes to furnish through the univer- 
sity library, the faculty cooperating, information as to books, articles 
on special subjects relating to the war, furnishing small package li- 
braries of pamphlets on half a dozen important phases of the war and 
in so far as possible lending books and acting as a distributing agency 
for putting Government and other publications in the hands of in- 
terested readers. 

6. Direcr Pusticiry on WHY We Are At War and Wuy THis Is Our Wak. 
a. Special articles by members of the faculty in journals of education 

and the like, and special leaflets to be issued by the Extension 
Service and sent to public school teachers. 

b. Special editions of the University News Letter (a weekly clip sheet 
published by the university) devoted to these subjects and sent 
to a special list of people influential in their local communities, 
but not for the most part readers of the daily press. 

e. Debate subjects and outlines, composition subjects and patriotic 
programs, for school exercises and celebrations, community 
gatherings, ete.: 

7. Tur LaArayerre Assocraction.—An association—state-wide and nation- 
wide, if possible—composed of high school and grammar school stu- 
dents, parents, and others interested, called the Lafayette Association 
to symbolize the ideals to which Lafayette devoted his life and for 
the purpose of “realizing the infinite power of the public school as 
the center of the community life of the nation in the essential task 
of nourishing, developing, and crystallizing, through expression, the 
national spirit of present and future America.” A. full explanation 
of the Lafayette Association is given in another leaflet. 

Tor additional copies of this leaflet or for information concerning the gen- 
eral extension work of the university, address— 
THE BurREAU OF EXTENSION, 
UNIVERSITY oF NorTH CAROLINA, 
Chapel Hill. N. C. 


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